adapted for flying

flying [ˈflaɪɪŋ]

1. noun

( = action) vol m ; ( = activity) aviation f

• he likes flying [passenger] il aime (prendre) l'avion ; [pilot] il aime piloter

• he's frightened of flying il a peur de prendre l'avion

2. adjective

[animal, insect] volant

• flying glass éclats mpl de verre

• flying visit visite f éclair inv

3. compounds

► flying ambulance noun ( = plane) avion m sanitaire ; ( = helicopter) hélicoptère m sanitaire

► flying doctor noun médecin m volant

► flying fox noun roussette f

► flying machine noun machine f volante

► flying saucer noun soucoupe f volante

► Flying Squad noun (British Police) brigade f volante (de la police judiciaire)

► flying start noun

• to get off to a flying start [racing car, runner] prendre un très bon départ ; [scheme, plan] démarrer en trombe ► flying time noun temps m de vol

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1) ( in plane)

2) (by bird, animal) vol m

noun modifier [ lesson, instructor, school] de pilotage; [ goggles, helmet, jacket] d'aviateur; [ suit] de vol

1) ( able to fly) [insect, machine, trapeze] volant

2) ( in process of flying) [object, broken glass] qui vole

3) ( as if flying)

4) ( fleeting) [visit] éclair inv

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flying

A n

1 ( in plane) to be afraid of flying avoir peur de l'avion ; to take up flying apprendre à piloter ; my hobby is flying mon hobby c'est l'aviation ;

2 (by bird, animal) vol m ; adapted for flying adapté au vol.

B modif [course, lesson, instructor, school] de pilotage ; [goggles, helmet, jacket] d'aviateur ; [suit] de vol.

C adj

1 ( able to fly) [animal, insect, machine, trapeze] volant ;

2 ( in process of flying) [object, broken glass] qui vole ; the dancer's flying feet les pieds agiles du danseur ; to take a flying leap ou jump sauter avec élan.

with flying colours [emerge, pass, come through] haut la main.

1) (in plane)

2) (by bird, animal) volo m.

modificatore [course, instructor] di volo; [ school] di volo, di pilotaggio; [goggles, jacket] da aviatore

1) (able to fly) [insect, machine] volante

2) (in process of flying) [object, broken glass] volante, che vola

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A a.

1 volante: flying saucer, disco volante; flying squirrel, scoiattolo volante

2 ( di bandiera) spiegato; al vento: with all flags flying, con tutte le bandiere spiegate

3 (aeron.) di aviazione; di volo; da aviatore: flying instructor, istruttore di volo; flying jacket, giubbotto da aviatore; flying suit, combinazione (o tenuta) di volo; flying time, ore di volo

4 rapido; veloce; frettoloso; di sfuggita: a flying visit, una visita di sfuggita; una capatina

B n. [u]

1 volo; il volare: fear of flying, paura di volare; paura dell'aereo: stunt flying, volo acrobatico

2 ( slang USA) viaggio ( di drogato)

● (mil.) flying boat, idrovolante a scafo centrale □ (mil.) flying bomb, bomba volante □ flying bridge, passerella, ponte provvisorio; (naut.) controplancia □ (archit.) flying buttress, arco rampante □ (aeron.) flying circus, pattuglia acrobatica □ flying club, aeroclub □ (mil.) flying column, colonna volante □ (aeron.) flying-crane helicopter, eligru □ (naut.) flying deck, ponte di volo ( di nave portaerei) □ (in Austral.) flying doctor, medico che fa le visite spostandosi in aereo □ the Flying Dutchman, l'Olandese Volante □ (aeron.) flying field, campo d'aviazione secondario; campetto □ (zool.) flying fish, pesce volante; esoceto □ (aeron., mil.) flying fortress, fortezza volante □ (zool.) flying fox ( Pteropus), rossetta; pteropo □ (elettron.) flying head, testina flottante □ (naut.) flying jib, controfiocco ( vela) □ flying jump, salto con rincorsa □ (tecn.) flying lead, cavo volante □ flying machine, macchina volante □ (mil.) flying man, aviatore □ (aeron. mil., in GB) Flying Officer, Tenente pilota □ (aeron.) flying personnel, personale navigante □ ( sindacalismo, in GB) flying picket, picchetto volante □ (aeron.) flying school, scuola di pilotaggio □ flying shot, tiro al volo ( cacciando); colpo a un bersaglio mobile □ flying squad, squadra volante, (la) volante; (la) mobile; ( per estens.) squadra di pronto intervento (di pronto soccorso, ecc.) □ ( sport) flying start, partenza lanciata; partenza volante; (fig. fam.) ottimo inizio: (fig.) to get off to a flying start, cominciare alla grande; partire in quarta (fam.) □ flying trapeze, trapezio □ (aeron.) flying wing, ala volante □ with flying colours, (mil.) a bandiere spiegate; (fig.) con pieno successo, brillantemente, trionfalmente, in bellezza.

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1) (in plane)

2) (by bird, animal) volo m.

modificatore [course, instructor] di volo; [ school] di volo, di pilotaggio; [goggles, jacket] da aviatore

1) (able to fly) [insect, machine] volante

2) (in process of flying) [object, broken glass] volante, che vola

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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John Kay was the youngest of five sons of a yeoman farmer of Walmersley, near Bury, Lancashire, who died before his birth. John was apprenticed to a reedmaker, and just before he was 21 he married a daughter of John Hall of Bury and carried on his trade in that town until 1733. It is possible that his first patent, taken out in 1730, was connected with this business because it was for an engine that made mohair thread for tailors and twisted and dressed thread; such thread could have been used to bind up the reeds used in looms. He also improved the reeds by making them from metal instead of cane strips so they lasted much longer and could be made to be much finer. His next patent in 1733, was a double one. One part of it was for a batting machine to remove dust from wool by beating it with sticks, but the patent is better known for its description of the flying shuttle. Kay placed boxes to receive the shuttle at either end of the reed or sley. Across the open top of these boxes was a metal rod along which a picking peg could slide and drive the shuttle out across the loom. The pegs at each end were connected by strings to a stick that was held in the right hand of the weaver and which jerked the shuttle out of the box. The shuttle had wheels to make it "fly" across the warp more easily, and ran on a shuttle race to support and guide it. Not only was weaving speeded up, but the weaver could produce broader cloth without any aid from a second person. This invention was later adapted for the power loom. Kay moved to Colchester and entered into partnership with a baymaker named Solomon Smith and a year later was joined by William Carter of Ballingdon, Essex. His shuttle was received with considerable hostility in both Lancashire and Essex, but it was probably more his charge of 15 shillings a year for its use that roused the antagonism. From 1737 he was much involved with lawsuits to try and protect his patent, particularly the part that specified the method of winding the thread onto a fixed bobbin in the shuttle. In 1738 Kay patented a windmill for working pumps and an improved chain pump, but neither of these seems to have been successful. In 1745, with Joseph Stell of Keighley, he patented a narrow fabric loom that could be worked by power; this type may have been employed by Gartside in Manchester soon afterwards. It was probably through failure to protect his patent rights that Kay moved to France, where he arrived penniless in 1747. He went to the Dutch firm of Daniel Scalongne, woollen manufacturers, in Abbeville. The company helped him to apply for a French patent for his shuttle, but Kay wanted the exorbitant sum of £10,000. There was much discussion and eventually Kay set up a workshop in Paris, where he received a pension of 2,500 livres. However, he was to face the same problems as in England with weavers copying his shuttle without permission. In 1754 he produced two machines for making card clothing: one pierced holes in the leather, while the other cut and sharpened the wires. These were later improved by his son, Robert Kay. Kay returned to England briefly, but was back in France in 1758. He was involved with machines to card both cotton and wool and tried again to obtain support from the French Government. He was still involved with developing textile machines in 1779, when he was 75, but he must have died soon afterwards. As an inventor Kay was a genius of the first rank, but he was vain, obstinate and suspicious and was destitute of business qualities.

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SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

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Frederick Handley Page trained as an electrical engineer but soon turned his attention to the more exciting world of aeronautics. He started by manufacturing propellers for aeroplanes and airships, and then in 1909 he founded a public company. His first aeroplane, the Bluebird, was not a success, but an improved version flew well. It was known as the "Yellow Peril" because of its yellow doped finish and made a notable flight across London from Barking to Brooklands. In 1910 Handley Page became one of the first college lecturers in aeronautical engineering. During the First World War Handley Page concentrated on the production of large bombers. The 0/100 was a biplane with a wing span of 100 ft (30 m) and powered by two engines: it entered service in 1916. In 1918 an improved version, the 0/400, entered service and a larger four-engined bomber made its first flight. This was the V/1500, which was designed to bomb Berlin, but the war ended before this raid took place. After the war, Handley Page turned his attention to airline operations with the great advantage of having at his disposal large bombers which could be adapted to carry passengers. Handley Page Air Transport Ltd was formed in 1919 and provided services to several European cities. Eventually this company became part of Imperial Airways, but Handley Page continued to supply them with large airliners. Probably the most famous was the majestic HP 42 four-engined biplane, which set very high standards of comfort and safety. Safety was always important to Handley Page and in 1920 he developed a wing with a slot along the leading edge: this made slow flying safer by delaying the stall. Later versions used separate aerofoil-shaped slats on the leading edge that were sometimes fixed, sometimes retractable. The HP 42 was fitted with these slats. From the 1930s Handley Page produced a series of bombers, such as the Heyford, Hampden, Harrow and, most famous of all, the Halifax, which played a major role in the Second World War. Then followed the Victor V-bomber of 1952 with its distinctive "crescent" wing and high tailplane. Sir Frederick's last venture was the Herald short-haul airliner of 1955; designed to replace the ubiquitous Douglas DC-3, it was only a limited success.

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